Litman — Pepi Litman Male Impersonator Ukrainian City Born Pepi

It is unclear if Litman identified as what we would call "transgender" today or as a "gender-nonconforming performer." Most evidence suggests she lived her private life as a woman (she married a violinist named briefly in 1903), but off-stage, she was often photographed in tailored suits, smoking cigars with a smirk. Decline and Disappearance The advent of talking pictures and the decline of Yiddish theater after the 1929 stock market crash hit Litman hard. Her humor—linguistic, intimate, and steeped in immigrant irony—did not translate to Hollywood musicals. The last known sighting of Pepi Litman is a tattered playbill from Buenos Aires, Argentina in 1935, where she performed for a dwindling community of aging Yiddishists.

In 2018, a revival of "Forgotten Divas of the Yiddish Stage" at the Museum of Jewish Heritage featured a single photograph of Pepi Litman: dark eyes, a sharp jaw, a tilted derby hat, and a smile that says, "You thought you knew me. You never even saw me coming."

She taught her audience that gender is a costume, and that the funniest, most heartbreaking thing you can do is wear the wrong one perfectly. It is unclear if Litman identified as what

Her most famous role was (a parody of Alexander II’s telegraph clerks). She would stride on stage in a too-tight military jacket, tangled in telephone wires, singing: "I am a modern man, a telephone man, But my mama still calls me by my girl’s name!" The "Grand Tour" of Exile Due to the pogroms of 1905 and rising antisemitism in the Pale of Settlement, Litman joined the great Jewish migration westward. She became a star of the Romanian Yiddish theaters (Bucharest and Iași) before sailing to London and finally landing at the epicenter of Yiddish culture: New York City’s Second Avenue .

She is believed to have died in poverty in either New York or Buenos Aires around 1940. There is no grave marker. There are no studio recordings. Pepi Litman is a ghost of a lost world—the Yiddish-speaking, pre-Holocaust, immigrant carnival of Eastern Europe and the Lower East Side. But she is also a queer ancestor. Long before Some Like It Hot , before Victor/Victoria , a Ukrainian Jewish woman in a top hat was deconstructing masculinity one laugh at a time. The last known sighting of Pepi Litman is

On Second Avenue, she competed with giants like and Molly Picon . But Litman had a niche no one else could touch. She specialized in the badkhn-shtick (comedic jester work) but with a sapphic subtext that flew right over the heads of the conservative Yiddish press.

One legendary anecdote from the in Chicago (1912): Litman was playing a handsome Cossack captain wooing a Jewish maiden. When she knelt and kissed the maiden’s hand, a voice from the gallery shouted, "That’s a woman!" Litman broke character, stood up, tipped her cap, and replied in Yiddish: "So? A woman knows better what a woman likes!" The house erupted in applause. The Secret Diary: Identity in the Wings Recent scholarship (notably by Dr. Lillian Faderman) has unearthed fragments of Litman’s correspondence. In a letter to a friend in 1916, she wrote: "On the street, I am Miss Litman. I am tired, my feet hurt, the corset is a prison. But when I button the waistcoat and the boots, I become a king. I have more freedom in a fake mustache than I do in a real skirt." Her most famous role was (a parody of

Odessa in the 1880s was a unique city: a port that blended Russian, Greek, Italian, and Jewish influences. It was here that Litman first saw a traveling Broder Singer troupe. Inspired by the cross-dressing traditions of Purim shpiels (Jewish carnival plays where men played women and vice versa), she realized that a woman in trousers could command more power, more laughs, and more pathos than a woman in a corset. Pepi Litman was not a drag king in the modern sense. She was a prima donna of parody . Her signature act involved a lightning-fast transformation: one moment she was a sobbing mother, the next she would slap on a bowler hat, puff a cigarette, and swagger across the stage as a slick, cynical "dandy" or a naive yeshiva boy.